Misinformation doesn’t travel in a straight line — and understanding that changes everything about how we fight it. Researchers from UPES Dehradun, Lodz University of Technology and Dyananda Sagar University have applied a mathematical technique called the reaction-diffusion model to map how rumours move through communities.

What they found looks less like a game of telephone and more like ink spreading through water, or the markings on a tiger’s skin — organised patterns of hotspots, clusters, and stripes. The research, published via 360info, reframes misinformation not as random internet noise but as a complex system that follows predictable mathematical laws — and can be disrupted using strategies borrowed from public health.

FIVE KEY BULLET POINTS

* Misinformation is a top global threat: The UN Global Risk Report 2024 ranked mis- and disinformation as one of the gravest global risks, with over 1,100 experts from 136 countries noting it’s already actively unfolding — and that most countries feel unprepared to address it.

* Rumours form spatial patterns, not uniform spreads: Using reaction-diffusion modelling, researchers found misinformation clusters into distinct formations — hotspots, stripes, maze-like structures — similar to Turing patterns seen in animal skin markings and chemical reactions.

* Where a rumour starts shapes where it goes: The origin point of misinformation within a network influences whether it creates concentrated hotspots or spreads in wide bands across a community, opening the door to predictive modelling.

* Self-correction and fact-checking act as disruptors: The model shows that both media intervention and individual verification behaviour can break up misinformation clusters before they reach critical mass — functioning like vaccines in an epidemic model.

* The math borrows from epidemiology: Extending the Daley-Kendall model (1964), this research integrates media correction, public awareness, forgetting, and self-correction into a single framework — treating rumour spread with the same rigour used to track infectious disease.

WHAT THE LISTENER/READER WILL LEARN

* Why misinformation doesn’t spread evenly — and what the patterns it forms actually look like

* How a mathematical model originally designed for biology is now being applied to social media dynamics

* What “Turing patterns” are and why they matter for understanding fake news

* How the origin point of a rumour within a network shapes the entire trajectory of its spread

* Why fact-checking and self-correction are more powerful than most people assume — when applied strategically

* Why fighting misinformation is structurally similar to managing a public health outbreak

* What future research in this space could mean for governments, platforms, and everyday users

Stay informed on Australia’s evolving political landscape with our comprehensive coverage of parliamentary developments and policy analysis.

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* There’s a Glitch—updated tech news and scam and fraud trends

* Viewpoint 360 - An investigative report based on evidence , produced in collaboration with 360info.

* Part8A Podcast features expert interviews on current political and social issues in Australia and worldwide.

EPISODE SUMMARY

A new Australian-first report has exposed how major coal, oil and gas companies — including Santos, BHP, Woodside, Glencore, Chevron and Shell — have embedded themselves into the everyday lives of Australian children. Through more than 260 documented programs spanning schools, science centres, sporting clubs, museums, early learning programs and career pathways, the fossil fuel industry is reaching children from birth through to employment.

Climate communications charity Comms Declare, which released the report titled From Cradle to Career, has identified more than $54 million in disclosed funding across just six of those programs — with the real total likely far higher. The organisation is calling for a Senate Inquiry and a national ban on fossil fuel advertising and sponsorships. In this episode, we unpack what the report found, why children are uniquely vulnerable to corporate persuasion, and what advocates say needs to change.

FIVE KEY BULLET POINTS

* Researchers identified 260+ publicly documented programs run or funded by fossil fuel companies and industry bodies, reaching Australian children aged 0 to 18 across every stage of childhood.

* More than $54 million in disclosed funding was found across just 6 of those programs — a fraction of the total examined — suggesting actual spending is substantially higher.

* One industry-linked education provider, Teacher Earth Science Education Programme Ltd (TESEP), projected its activities could reach more than two million Australian students over five years.

* A PureProfile poll commissioned by Comms Declare found that 87% of parents and grandparents believe educational programs should be funded by governments rather than fossil fuel corporations, and 58% support a fossil fuel advertising ban.

* Comms Declare founder Belinda Noble drew a direct comparison to the tobacco industry: “Oil and gas companies sponsoring climate education is like a tobacco company giving cancer advice” — and noted that banking programs like Dollarmites were removed from schools after ASIC scrutiny six years ago, arguing fossil fuel programs should face the same treatment.

WHAT THE LISTENER WILL LEARN

By the end of this episode, listeners will understand:

* The scope of fossil fuel industry engagement with Australian children — the types of programs, the companies involved, and the funding scale

* Why children are considered uniquely vulnerable to corporate persuasion within trusted institutional settings like schools and sporting clubs

* The historical precedent set by the removal of Dollarmites and other banking programs from Australian schools, and how advocates are drawing on that precedent

* The governance gaps that currently allow these programs to operate with minimal transparency or public accountability

* What Comms Declare is calling for — including a Senate Inquiry, advertising ban, and alternative government funding pathways

* How global and domestic policy is shifting, with the ACT ban and more than 60 jurisdictions worldwide moving to restrict fossil fuel marketing

* How to critically evaluate industry-sponsored educational content and what questions parents, teachers and policymakers should be asking

Stay informed on Australia’s evolving political landscape with our comprehensive coverage of parliamentary developments and policy analysis.

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MENCARI - Delivered fearless reporting to you is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.

Got a News Tip?

Contact our editor via Proton Mail encrypted, X Direct Message, LinkedIn, or email. You can securely message him on Signal by using his username, Miko Santos.

More on Mencari

* Mencari—for breaking and updated news around Australia and the world.

* Podwires Daily—for providing news about audio trends and podcasts.

* There’s a Glitch—updated tech news and scam and fraud trends

* Viewpoint 360 - An investigative report based on evidence , produced in collaboration with 360info.

* Part8A Podcast features expert interviews on current political and social issues in Australia and worldwide.

What if the real risk of social media for young people isn’t what they’re looking at — but what it’s doing to how they see themselves?

In this episode, we go beyond the headlines about Australia’s social media ban for under-16s — which we now know 85% of affected teens are circumventing — and dig into a disturbing piece of neuroscience research out of Milan that almost nobody in the policy debate is talking about.

Researchers at the Humane Technology Lab at the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart studied nearly 100 young adults using virtual reality body illusion experiments. Their finding: the longer someone has been using Instagram, the more fluid and permeable their sense of facial identity becomes. Put simply, heavy Instagram users are more likely to momentarily experience a stranger’s face as their own.

This isn’t science fiction — it’s peer-reviewed neuroscience pointing to something the ban debate has entirely skipped: social media may not just affect how teens feel about their bodies, but how their brains construct the very feeling of being themselves.

We also examine why Australia’s ban is struggling, with platforms reportedly allowing children to repeatedly attempt age verification until they pass, and the eSafety Commissioner’s own compliance report confirming account removals have not yet produced measurable reductions in harm. If the policy isn’t working and the science is being ignored, who is actually protecting our kids?

WHAT THE LISTENER WILL LEARN

* The specific enforcement failures behind Australia’s social media ban and why policy intent has not translated into measurable outcomes

* How neuroscientists study bodily identity using virtual reality illusions, and what the facial ownership experiment at Milan’s Humane Technology Lab revealed

* The distinction between body image research (how you feel about your appearance) and bodily identity research (whether your brain knows which body is yours)

* Why adolescence is the neurologically critical window for identity formation and why today’s generation faces risks that earlier generations did not

* What the Digital Erosion of Bodily Identity Hypothesis predicts about the long-term effects of image-based social media use

* What kinds of longitudinal research are now urgently needed and why they haven’t happened yet

Stay informed on Australia’s evolving political landscape with our comprehensive coverage of parliamentary developments and policy analysis.

Follow us across all major podcasting platforms and social media channels for updates that matter. Your support keeps independent journalism alive!

For more in-depth coverage on these stories and other news affecting Australia and the world, subscribe to readmencari.com. Support our independent journalism by listening to our podcasts on all major platforms and considering a subscription to help us continue delivering fearless reporting free from financial and political influence.

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Got a News Tip?

Contact our editor via Proton Mail encrypted, X Direct Message, LinkedIn, or email. You can securely message him on Signal by using his username, Miko Santos.

More on Mencari

* Mencari—for breaking and updated news around Australia and the world.

* Podwires Daily—for providing news about audio trends and podcasts.

* There’s a Glitch—updated tech news and scam and fraud trends

* Viewpoint 360 - An investigative report based on evidence , produced in collaboration with 360info.

* Part8A Podcast features expert interviews on current political and social issues in Australia and worldwide.

A major new cybersecurity report reveals that the average connected home now faces 29 cyber attacks per day—nearly triple the rate from 2024. Researchers from Bitdefender and Netgear analyzed over 13.6 billion attack attempts across 6 million households, finding that streaming devices, smart TVs, and security cameras account for more than half of all vulnerabilities. Most alarmingly, 99.4% of exploits target known security flaws that could be prevented through regular device updates, yet most consumers never install these critical patches.

Five Key Bullet Points

* Attack frequency tripled: Average connected homes experienced 29 cyber attacks daily in 2025, up from 10 per day in 2024, representing a 190% increase in just one year.

* Entertainment devices most vulnerable: Streaming boxes, smart TVs, and IP cameras account for over 50% of detected vulnerabilities due to cheap manufacturing, outdated firmware, and internet-facing configurations.

* Pre-compromised devices sold online: The Badbox botnet infected over one million Android-based streaming devices with malware installed at the factory before consumers ever purchased them.

* Record-breaking attack scale: A September 2025 DDoS attack reached 22.2 terabits per second using compromised consumer routers, demonstrating how home devices fuel large-scale cyber operations.

* Critical infrastructure at risk: Researchers discovered hackers could weaponize poorly secured solar inverters to destabilize power grids, blurring the line between home security and national infrastructure protection.

Detailed Synopsis

New research from cybersecurity firms Bitdefender and Netgear has exposed an alarming escalation in smart home vulnerabilities, tracking 13.6 billion attack attempts across 6 million households in the United States, Europe, and Australia during the first ten months of 2025. The findings reveal that the average connected home—now containing approximately 22 devices including phones, laptops, smart TVs, cameras, plugs, and thermostats—faces 29 cyber attacks daily, a nearly threefold increase from the previous year’s average of 10 attacks per day.

The report identifies entertainment and security devices as the primary attack vectors, with streaming boxes, smart TVs, and IP cameras collectively representing more than half of all detected vulnerabilities. These devices prove particularly susceptible due to several converging factors: mass production using generic Android firmware with minimal security oversight, extended consumer usage periods (often seven years for televisions) that far exceed manufacturers’ typical two-year security update windows, and internet-facing configurations that prioritize remote access convenience over robust protection.

Attack methodologies predominantly involve automated bots systematically scanning internet-connected devices for exploitable weaknesses. The study found that 99.4% of successful exploits targeted known vulnerabilities—security flaws that manufacturers had already identified and patched—but which remained unaddressed because consumers failed to install firmware updates or continued using devices no longer receiving manufacturer support.

The research highlights two particularly concerning developments in the threat landscape. First, the Badbox botnet operation compromised over one million Android-based devices through pre-installed malware embedded at the manufacturing stage, primarily affecting inexpensive streaming boxes and projectors sold through online marketplaces. Consumers unknowingly integrated these compromised devices into criminal networks upon initial setup, with no opportunity for detection or prevention.

Second, a record-breaking distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack in September 2025 achieved 22.2 terabits per second—equivalent to simultaneously streaming one million 4K movies—demonstrating the devastating potential of weaponized consumer devices. This attack utilized the Isuru botnet, composed primarily of unpatched consumer routers coordinated into a massive attack infrastructure.

Beyond individual privacy concerns, the research underscores emerging national security implications. Cybersecurity experts demonstrated that coordinated exploitation of poorly secured solar inverters—devices that convert solar panel output for grid integration—could potentially destabilize entire power distribution systems. German authorities have already issued warnings about this vulnerability, illustrating how inadequate home device security creates systemic infrastructure risks affecting entire communities.

Researchers recommend three primary mitigation strategies: maintaining current firmware on all connected devices, replacing devices no longer receiving manufacturer security updates, and deploying network-level security solutions through routers capable of identifying and blocking threats before they reach individual devices.

What Readers Will Learn

Readers will gain critical understanding of the rapidly evolving cybersecurity threat landscape targeting residential networks and connected devices. The article provides concrete data on attack frequency and scale, explains why specific device categories face heightened vulnerability, and clarifies the mechanisms through which consumer electronics become weaponized in large-scale cyber operations.

Readers will learn to identify high-risk devices in their own homes, understand the difference between theoretical and actively exploited vulnerabilities, and recognize the broader societal implications of inadequate personal device security. The piece translates complex technical concepts—including botnets, DDoS attacks, and firmware vulnerabilities—into accessible explanations while providing actionable guidance for improving home network security. Additionally, readers will understand how their personal technology decisions intersect with national infrastructure protection, fostering awareness of cybersecurity as both an individual and collective responsibility.

Stay informed on Australia’s evolving political landscape with our comprehensive coverage of parliamentary developments and policy analysis.

Follow us across all major podcasting platforms and social media channels for updates that matter. Your support keeps independent journalism alive!

For more in-depth coverage on these stories and other news affecting Australia and the world, subscribe to readmencari.com. Support our independent journalism by listening to our podcasts on all major platforms and considering a subscription to help us continue delivering fearless reporting free from financial and political influence.

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MENCARI - Delivered fearless reporting to you is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.

Got a News Tip?

Contact our editor via Proton Mail encrypted, X Direct Message, LinkedIn, or email. You can securely message him on Signal by using his username, Miko Santos.

More on Mencari

* Mencari—for breaking and updated news around Australia and the world.

* Podwires Daily—for providing news about audio trends and podcasts.

* There’s a Glitch—updated tech news and scam and fraud trends

* Viewpoint 360 - An investigative report based on evidence , produced in collaboration with 360info.

* Part8A Podcast features expert interviews on current political and social issues in Australia and worldwide.

Australians are increasingly concerned about artificial intelligence (AI), with 65% believing that AI creates more problems than it solves, up 8% points since 2023. One in four Australians believe AI presents a risk of human extinction in the next twenty years, up from 20% in 2023. Women, older Australians, and regional Australians are more sceptical of AI than men, with 69% of women compared to 61% of men believing that overall, AI creates more problems than it solves.By age, Australians aged 35-49 are the least sceptical, with 62% saying AI creates more problems, while older Australians aged 65+ are the most sceptical at 68%. Australians living in urban areas (63%) are less sceptical than those in regional areas (69%). Across the states, scepticism is strongest in South Australia (73%) and Tasmania (71%), compared with New South Wales (63%) and Victoria (64%). Queensland (66%) and Western Australia (66%) align closely with the national average of 65% who believe AI creates more problems than it solves.Personal perspectives show slightly more positive views, but scepticism still dominates. Nationally, the share saying AI creates more problems than it solves falls from 65% to 61%, reflecting a modest softening of attitudes. Men show the largest improvement, with scepticism dropping from 61% to 55%, while women fall from 69% to 66%. Concern is highest among 25–34-year-olds (32%), followed by 35–49 (26%), 50–64 (25%), 18–24 (22%), and 65+ (21%).Australians are increasingly concerned about the potential benefits of AI, particularly in health and science. While AI has shown promise in faster discoveries and earlier disease detection, concerns have been raised about its impact on critical thinking, creativity, accuracy, environmental impact, misinformation, job loss, and economic displacement.The Roy Morgan Snap SMS Survey revealed that Australians believe that AI solves more problems than it creates, with lost thinking skills, inaccuracy, and environmental harm being the top reasons. Many Australians fear that AI will weaken independent thought, creativity, and learning, especially among young people who may rely on it to think for them. Accuracy and ‘Hallucinations’ are also concerns, as respondents describe AI as unreliable and often incorrect.Environmental impact is another growing concern, with Australians citing the power, water, and emissions burden of vast data centres. Misinformation and deepfakes are also a concern, with many distrusting AI for blurring truth and fabrication, spreading scams, and making it impossible to tell what’s real online.In terms of personal concerns, Australians believe that AI creates more problems than it solves, with accuracy issues, job threats, misinformation, dependency, laziness, privacy, and surveillance risks being key concerns. However, work automation, productivity, and information access are considered key benefits by Australians.In conclusion, while AI has the potential to revolutionize various industries, it is crucial for Australians to carefully consider its potential impacts and ensure that it is used responsibly and responsibly.Australians are increasingly recognizing the potential of AI, with 65% believing that AI creates more problems than it solves. This sentiment is fueled by the rapid change in the world, with many citing AI’s breakthroughs in medicine and research as proof of its positive impact on humanity. However, Roy Morgan’s Snap SMS Survey shows that a significant number of Australians still feel that AI creates more problems than it solves.The survey, conducted by Roy Morgan, found that 65% of Australians believe that AI creates more problems than it solves, up 8% points since 2023. Women (69%) are more sceptical than men (61%). The gap between optimism and anxiety highlights a national tension: Australians are eager to harness the power of AI but remain deeply aware that its success depends on trust, transparency, and human oversight.A surprising one in four Australians now see artificial intelligence as a potential existential risk within twenty years, up 5% points since 2023. This shift highlights growing public awareness that the future of AI is not just a technological question but a moral and societal one.Roy Morgan, Australia’s largest independent Australian research company, has over 80 years of experience collecting objective, independent information on consumers. The margin of error for any estimate depends mainly on the number of interviews on which it is based. The study also provides demographic breakdowns for Age, Sex, State, Region (Capital Cities/Country), Generations, Lifecycle, Socio-Economic Scale, Work Status, Occupation, Home Ownership, Voting Intention, Roy Morgan Value Segments, Helix Personas, Media Consumption, and more.

Stay informed on Australia’s evolving political landscape with our comprehensive coverage of parliamentary developments and policy analysis.

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For more in-depth coverage on these stories and other news affecting Australia and the world, subscribe to readmencari.com. Support our independent journalism by listening to our podcasts on all major platforms and considering a subscription to help us continue delivering fearless reporting free from financial and political influence.

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MENCARI - Delivered fearless reporting to you is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.

Got a News Tip?

Contact our editor via Proton Mail encrypted, X Direct Message, LinkedIn, or email. You can securely message him on Signal by using his username, Miko Santos.

More on Mencari

* Mencari—for breaking and updated news around Australia and the world.

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* There’s a Glitch—updated tech news and scam and fraud trends

* Viewpoint 360 - An investigative report based on evidence , produced in collaboration with 360info.

* Part8A Podcast features expert interviews on current political and social issues in Australia and worldwide.

The Global Anti-Scam Alliance (GASA), in partnership with Feedzai, has released the Global State of Scams 2025 Report. Based on a survey of 46,000 adults across 42 markets, the report provides a comprehensive analysis of the prevalence, impact, and policy challenges of scams worldwide.

GASA’s Global State of Scams

In the past 12 months, 57 percent of adults worldwide experienced a scam and 23 percent lost money. Shopping scams affected 54 percent of victims, while investment scams and unexpected money scams each impacted 48 percent. Scam encounters were most frequent in South America, Africa, and Oceania, where up to one in four adults lost money in the last year.

The research also highlights the emotional toll of scams. 69 percent of victims reported (huge) stress as a result, while 17 percent reported a loss of confidence and 14 percent said scams created heightened tension within their family unit. Despite this, many scams remain unreported, with uncertainty over where to report being the main barrier.

93% of adults globally claim to take at least one step to verify if an offer is legitimate or not. However, many often rely on methods that are less effective such as checking for spelling and grammar errors (27%); looking for reviews on the same website (24%) and checking if the company is on social media (21%).

Despite nearly three quarters of adults globally feeling confident in their ability to recognise a scam, scams remain prevalent, with many scam victims losing money and a significant proportion never reporting their encounters.

Jorij Abraham, Managing Director of GASA, comments: “We have a huge challenge, 73 percent of people worldwide feel confident they can recognize scams, however, nearly a quarter still lost money in the past year. Scams are not only draining finances but also eroding trust and creating significant stress within families. We are learning that scam awareness campaigns alone are not enough. We need to continuously educate consumers, build better solutions to recognize and block (AI) scams and work internationally closer to get to catch the scammers.

“Fraud isn’t just about transactions anymore. It’s about intent. Criminals are exploiting trust, behavior, and technology in real time. Stopping them takes more than spotting anomalies; it takes understanding human patterns. No single bank or payment provider can do that alone. The only way forward is collaboration across financial institutions and cybersecurity teams. That’s how we protect consumers everywhere.” adds Nuno Sebastião, CEO, Feedzai

The Global State of Scams 2025 Report emphasizes that scams are no longer isolated crimes but a global threat to consumer safety, financial stability, and trust in digital economies. GASA and Feedzai call for stronger international collaboration, better scam prevention tools, and accountability across platforms, governments, and industries.

The full report can be downloaded here: https://www.gasa.org/research

Stay informed on Australia’s evolving political landscape with our comprehensive coverage of parliamentary developments and policy analysis.

Follow us across all major podcasting platforms and social media channels for updates that matter. Your support keeps independent journalism alive!

For more in-depth coverage on these stories and other news affecting Australia and the world, subscribe to readmencari.com. Support our independent journalism by listening to our podcasts on all major platforms and considering a subscription to help us continue delivering fearless reporting free from financial and political influence.

As well as knowing you’re keeping MENCARI alive, you’ll also get:

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MENCARI - Delivered fearless reporting to you is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.

Got a News Tip?

Contact our editor via Proton Mail encrypted, X Direct Message, LinkedIn, or email. You can securely message him on Signal by using his username, Miko Santos.

More on Mencari

* Mencari—for breaking and updated news around Australia and the world.

* Podwires Daily—for providing news about audio trends and podcasts.

* There’s a Glitch—updated tech news and scam and fraud trends

* Viewpoint 360 - An investigative report based on evidence , produced in collaboration with 360info.

* Part8A Podcast features expert interviews on current political and social issues in Australia and worldwide.

New research published in Communications Earth & Environment demonstrates that major deforestation can increase the probability of catastrophic flooding by as much as 700%, transforming rare flood events from once-in-64-year occurrences to once-in-8-year events. The peer-reviewed study, led by Professor Ashish Sharma of UNSW Sydney’s School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, analyzed decades of hydrological data from 21 monitoring stations across 25,000 square kilometers of Australian forest affected by mega fires between 2003 and 2009, providing empirical evidence for a correlation scientists have theorized since the 17th century but struggled to prove conclusively.

The research employed a state-controlled experimental design that isolated forest loss as the primary variable by comparing flood frequencies in identical catchment areas before and after fire-induced deforestation, while controlling for climate patterns including El Niño, La Niña, and other confounding meteorological factors. Researchers utilized more than 50 years of meticulously maintained streamflow data from Australia’s Hydrologic Reference Station network—watersheds specifically monitored for minimal anthropogenic influence—enabling them to demonstrate statistical significance with a p-value of 0.006. The study found that forest canopy, fallen leaves, and root-zone soils collectively intercept 10-30% of rainfall through evapotranspiration, and when this multi-layered absorption capacity is removed, water reaches soil saturation levels dramatically faster, particularly across large-scale watersheds spanning hundreds or thousands of square kilometers.

The findings carry significant implications for the estimated 4 billion people globally who depend on forested headwater catchments for freshwater, including more than 100 million residing in flood-risk zones across Africa, Asia, and Latin America. With global deforestation proceeding at approximately 100,000 square kilometers annually and climate change intensifying wildfire frequency and severity, the research suggests cascading hydrological impacts may fundamentally alter regional flood risk assessments. The study provides quantitative validation for historical observations linking deforestation to increased flooding, from post-French Revolution France to the upper Amazon following 1960s development, where once-in-20-year floods now occur biennially.

Professor Sharma emphasized that the research demonstrates forest clearance itself—independent of subsequent land conversion to impervious surfaces—significantly elevates flood risk through reduced rainfall interception capacity. “If deforestation is happening, then there should be strong consideration for planning rules or regulations regarding habitats downstream, to reduce the enhanced danger they will face from flooding,” Sharma stated, noting that if forest removal proves necessary for development, it should be restricted to areas without vulnerable downstream populations. The study’s co-authors include Dr. Tae-Ho Kang of South Korea’s K-water Institute, Professor Lucy Marshall of the University of Sydney, and Professor Young-Oh Kim of Seoul National University.

Stay informed on Australia’s evolving political landscape with our comprehensive coverage of parliamentary developments and policy analysis.

Follow us across all major podcasting platforms and social media channels for updates that matter. Your support keeps independent journalism alive!

For more in-depth coverage on these stories and other news affecting Australia and the world, subscribe to readmencari.com. Support our independent journalism by listening to our podcasts on all major platforms and considering a subscription to help us continue delivering fearless reporting free from financial and political influence.

As well as knowing you’re keeping MENCARI alive, you’ll also get:

* Get breaking news AS IT HAPPENS - Gain instant access to our real-time coverage and analysis when major stories break, keeping you ahead of the curve

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* Join the conversation that matters - Be part of our vibrant community with full commenting privileges on all content, directly supporting Mencari’s

Stay with readmencari.com for continuous updates on these developing stories and more from across Australia, New Zealand, and the globe. Subscribe to our newsletter for daily briefings delivered straight to your inbox!

MENCARI - Delivered fearless reporting to you is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.

Got a News Tip?

Contact our editor via Proton Mail encrypted, X Direct Message, LinkedIn, or email. You can securely message him on Signal by using his username, Miko Santos.

More on Mencari

* Mencari—for breaking and updated news around Australia and the world.

* Podwires Daily—for providing news about audio trends and podcasts.

* There’s a Glitch—updated tech news and scam and fraud trends

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More than half of young Australians believe retail theft is justifiable to some degree, according to a new Monash University study that reveals a stark generational divide in attitudes toward shoplifting and retail crime. The Consumer Deviance Spotlight report, which surveyed 1,047 Australian shoppers in June 2025, found that 54 percent of consumers aged 18-34 consider taking items without paying justifiable under certain circumstances—compared to just 7 percent of those 55 and older.

The research identified widespread acceptance of behaviors traditionally considered theft, including not scanning items at self-checkout (32 percent found justifiable), scanning expensive items as cheaper alternatives (36 percent), and changing price tags (30 percent). Beyond outright theft, the study revealed even more permissive attitudes toward “grey area” behaviors like lying about competitor prices to secure discounts (64 percent) and staying silent when undercharged (60 percent).

Lead researcher Stephanie Atto from Monash Business School’s Australian Consumer and Retail Studies unit said the findings reflect growing concerns about retail crime, which has reached a 21-year high in Australia. ABS data shows 595,660 theft victims nationally in 2024—a 6 percent increase from the previous year, with nearly half occurring in retail settings. While most respondents acknowledged these behaviors are illegal, there’s an increasing gap between legal understanding and ethical justification, particularly among younger demographics facing cost-of-living pressures.

The study comes as retailers escalate efforts to combat retail crime through enhanced security measures, technology investments, and calls for consistent national crime laws. However, researchers warn that enforcement alone may not address the underlying cultural shift, suggesting the problem requires tackling root causes including economic inequality and perceptions of corporate profiteering that drive consumers to rationalize theft as acceptable behavior.

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The unexpected violent movement of Gen-Z that lasted barely 48 hours brought tremendous upheaval in Nepal.

Nepal was plunged into a period of profound grief, anger, and collective uncertainty. It has barely begun to pick up the pieces.

The Gen-Z movement against corruption, mismanagement, and social media regulation on September 8 and 9, 2025, left 75 people dead and over 2,000 injured in its wake.

The Federation of Nepalese Chambers of Commerce and Industry has estimated that arson and looting resulted in losses of about US $571 million to private property. The private sector contributes about 81 percent to the national economy and generates 86 percent jobs in the private sectors.

The loss of public property and historic buildings is still being estimated. The government has not revealed the cost of the destruction of public buildings including the Office of the Prime Minister at Singh Durbar, the historic parliament building, the Supreme Court and the office of the President at Rashtrapati Bhawan.

The agitation led to the formation of an interim government under the leadership of former Chief Justice Sushila Karki on September 12. She has expanded her cabinet twice, appointing a total of eight ministers.

The mandate of the interim government is to conduct free, fair and credible elections in the country within the next six months.

The government has formed a three-member commission headed by former Justice Gauri Bahadur Karki to investigate human rights violations during the protest, and to document the loss and destruction of public and private properties within three months.

The Home Minister issued a press statement declaring that the government will not entertain any complaints of arson or theft, as the commission has already begun its work. This undermines the role of the regular criminal justice process in addressing crimes such as theft and arson.

Numerous commissions were formed to investigate gross human rights violations, such as those during Jana Andolan-I in 1990 and Jana Andolan-II in 2006/2007, but their recommendations were never implemented.

The legacy of violence and the culture of impunity have continued.

Now, the major tasks before the interim government are to conduct general elections and to promulgate an ordinance allowing new voter registration so that the youth who participated in the protest can vote. Voter enrollment is open for 90 days.

The Prime Minister has held consultations with the Election Commission and directed it to prepare for the election in March 2026. Political parties have also held meetings with the President, who has advised them to participate in the election.

The political parties are under pressure from both the public and their members to reform and develop a stronger democratic culture. They are holding internal consultations and discussing possible reforms.

The people would like to see the leadership of the Nepali Congress, Nepal Communist Party of United Marxist and Leninist (CPN-UML) and Maoist Center step down. This is also the time for the political parties to accommodate younger leaders and develop an intra-party democratic culture.

Uncertainty and confusion

Despite the Prime Minister’s firm commitment to holding an election, expressed in her speech to the nation, youth groups remain divided on the issue.

The Gen-Z movement lacks strong leadership and several unorganised groups have emerged on social media platforms such as Discord. Following the protests, some groups initially approached the Chief of Army Staff for dialogue and later sought engagement with the President as well.

Opinions among youth remain divided on participating in politics. Some advocate reforms within the existing political parties to address corruption, mismanagement, and support for victims of human rights violations. Others demand constitutional amendments and a directly elected Prime Minister.

However, no formal agreement has been reached between the youth and the government on these issues.

Recently, a youth coalition was formed with the aim of negotiating with different stakeholders. The Mayor of Kathmandu, Balendra Shah, who indirectly engaged with the youth uprising and called for calm during the protests, has since chosen to remain silent.

If divisions among the youth persist, the likelihood of further violence and uncertainty surrounding the polls may increase. However, the youth are also exploring the registration of a political party of their own rather than some of them contesting as independent candidates.

The government has imposed travel restrictions on five individuals, including former Prime Minister K. P. Oli and former Home Minister Ramesh Lekhak. The CPN-UML objected to these restrictions, indicating that if investigations are perceived as politically targeted, parties may retaliate, further fueling uncertainty.

Security lapses

Following the recent violent incidents, fear and a sense of insecurity in society persists. The mob attacked 486 police units and looted 1,247 arms. While local communities have helped in restoring some of the police posts, the police may still face challenges in getting back to normal work and regaining the trust of the locals because of their failure to prevent incidents of theft and looting.

The department of prison management has claimed that 15,000 prisoners escaped from 28 prisons all over Nepal and only half of them have returned back. The escaped prisoners also pose security challenges. Some of the escaped prisoners crossed the border into India and were arrested in New Delhi.

It has been clearly observed that there is no coordination among security agencies to maintain peace and security. There are three formal wings of security in Nepal – the Police, the Nepal Armed Force and the Nepal Army. The Nepal Police took a proactive role during the protest, and the Nepal Armed Force and Nepal Army took a long time to show up in the field during the youth agitation. It is essential for security agencies to coordinate and regain public trust.

In these difficult circumstances, the interim government also has to win the confidence of the youth, political parties and civil society to accomplish the task of holding elections.

To accomplish this, the interim government needs to follow the due process of law to curb impunity and corruption. Nepal also needs international solidarity, especially the support of its neighbours, to stabilise the young republic.

About the Author:

Som Niroula is a research scholar at the Department of Conflict, Peace and Development, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal. He is also a member of the CRG Research Collective, Calcutta, and was a Junior Fellow at Institut für die Wissenschaften vom Menschen, Vienna.

Originally published under Creative Commons by 360info™.

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Imagine seeking urgent help during an acute mental health crisis event and expecting calm, capable support. You enter the hospital and notice that the mental health nurses, normally a source of strength, appear to be under significant stress themselves. They are exhausted, overwhelmed and struggling with their own mental wellbeing.

Is this the future we want? Or is it, in some ways, already here?

Mental health nurses are the backbone of Australia’s healthcare system. But they are buckling under system-level pressures: inadequate staffing ratios, ensuring the right level of experience and expertise, rising workloads and casual employment.

Despite their importance, mental health nurses face unique occupational challenges including high emotional demands, frequent exposure to workplace violence and harassment from clients.

The toll is biggest where the risk is highest: Australian data shows that healthcare workers, especially those in mental health settings, experience high rates of work-related violence and traumatic exposure, with many encountering threats or assault from clients in the course of care.

Such demands lead to high levels of stress and a high risk of burnout. The impact is twofold: not only does it compromise the well-being of the nurses themselves, but it also affects their capacity to provide quality care.

This crisis has come at a time of severe workforce shortages, when every nurse is desperately needed. Victoria has recognised the importance of specialist mental health qualifications and is offering full-fee scholarships for nurses to complete postgraduate studies, and build skills, knowledge and capability to support safe care and safer work.

Social support is crucial

Unlike other roles among mental healthcare staff, nurses provide 24/7 frontline care for clients with acute mental health disorders. This constant demand can lead to high stress and burnout, making social support essential.

Social support encourages emotional resilience and provides practical assistance, helping them deliver compassionate care and maintain a sense of belonging in a challenging work environment.

Through interview-based surveys, RMIT University researchers studied the lived experiences of mental health nurses in Australia. Their words paint a grim picture: formal social support is scarce, and a culture of self-reliance dominates. Instead of structured organisational support, nurses lean on each other.

Besides, mental health nurses also face barriers, including limited formal opportunities, places or time to gain support. One nurse explained that “it’s very hard to practically get away and you know, unless you do it in your own time”.

Another nurse echoed the challenge of immediacy: “It’s just hard for on the ground nurses who are doing a very, you know, job that requires you to be there.”

Describing a typical day in her profession, a senior mental health nurse recalled being assaulted by a distressed client during an interaction after having spent hours calming them.

The ordeal doesn’t really end there. A staff member managing an assault from one client is likely to be responsible for several others, which may be equally complex and demanding.

Without the availability of immediate peer support and protected debrief time — especially if the staff member is an early career mental health nurse — the psychological load snowballs.

For many mental health nurses then, social support is not a professional add-on. It is a matter of survival. “It’s essential, but I think it is actually inherent to what we do. We need to have that because if you don’t, then the workplace that you’re in becomes incredibly toxic and incredibly difficult to actually function in,” one nurse explained.

The necessity of support is something the nurses are taught early on. As one nurse, also an educator, put it: “It’s something I teach my students…if you cannot survive the industry, you’ll need a therapist.” This statement underpins how crucial social support is for mental health nurses and how much it functions as a survival mechanism.

Even though formal support services are available and promoted by leadership, mental health nurses often hesitate to use them and express disappointment in leaders, particularly due to a perceived lack of value placed on social support. Instead, they take matters into their own hands. “No matter how difficult it got, you just knew everyone had each other’s back […] And you’re going to get through it together.”

A multifaceted approach

Whilst informal peer support that offers immediate emotional relief and shared understanding is invaluable, it has its limitations. It is often reactive, and places the responsibility for building and maintaining support networks on the individuals rather than the organisations.

A stronger, system-level response is possible. Organisations should provide proactive interventions such as regular debriefing sessions and targeted strategies to manage systemic issues, including staffing ratios, safe skill-mix, meaning the right combination of skills and expertise across each shift, together with workload management and workplace safety.

Existing formal support, including clinical supervision and Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs), also need strengthening. These services should be more flexible and accessible to overcome scheduling barriers, whilst ensuring they remain of high quality.

With the rise of AI-assisted technologies, organisations should also explore how technology can be integrated as an additional source of social support. Early evidence suggests chatbot-based interventions can help to reduce stress and anxiety for health professionals, but they should complement and not replace human and organisational support.

Organisations need to take a multifaceted approach, combining the strengths of informal networks with the structure of formal support services and the foundations of safe staffing and skills to address their current crises. By doing so, we reduce burnout and turnover, protect care quality and retain highly skilled mental health nurses in their crucial roles. If we fail to act, we entrench risk for mental health nurses and for the people they care for.

Katrin Leifels is a Lecturer in the School of Construction, Property and Project Management, RMIT University, Melbourne.

Azizur Rahman is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Construction, Property and Project Management, RMIT University, Melbourne.

Sinead Barry is Program Manager, Master Mental Health, and Senior Lecturer in Mental Health Nursing, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne.

Ruby Walter is Assistant Associate Dean, Nursing, and Associate Professor, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne.

Originally published under Creative Commons by 360info™.

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Every day, an average of 32 Christians are killed in Nigeria amid escalating attacks by Boko Haram, armed militias, and extremist groups, with more than 7,000 deaths recorded in 2025 alone. Churches are being burned at a rate of three per day, and up to 15 million people have been displaced. Despite the staggering toll, the crisis receives minimal global coverage compared to conflicts like Gaza, which garners nearly 40 times more media attention per capita.

Analysts say the disparity in coverage reflects deep structural biases in global media—favoring regions closer to Western audiences, with stronger geopolitical interests or established press infrastructure. Western outlets have few permanent correspondents in Africa, making Nigeria’s humanitarian disaster largely invisible to international audiences.

Experts also point to historical framing and economic incentives that make African crises appear too complex or unprofitable to cover. When African suffering is reduced to statistics instead of human stories, it reinforces public indifference and political inaction, perpetuating a cycle of silence.

Nigeria’s humanitarian appeal for $900 million in 2025 has received only 16% of the requested funds. Scholars warn that unless global attention shifts, millions more could face starvation and displacement in what advocates call one of the most underreported mass atrocities of the 21st century.

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